New York Estate Planning & Elder Law

Court Victory for Adults Caring for Parents at Home / New York, NY & White Plains, NYMedicaid Penalty, Home Care, Elder Law, Elder Care, Estate Planning, Nursing Home, Caregivers

“Advocates are celebrating an important victory for individuals who provide care for their parents at home. The new decision will likely lead to a substantial expansion in the number of homes transferred to those caregivers.”

A New Jersey Appellate Division recently reaffirmed the state’s regulation that allows older adults to transfer their homes to adult caregiver children without Medicaid penalty, reports an article titled “Major Victory for Adults Who Provide Home Care for Parents” from The National Law Review. The regulation permits the home to be transferred with no Medicaid penalty when the adult child has provided care to the parent for a period of two years. This allows the parents to remain at home under the care of their children, delaying the need to enter a long-term care facility.

New Jersey Medicaid has tried to narrow this rule for many years, claiming that the regulation only applies to caregivers who did not work outside of the home. This decision, along with other cases, recognizes that caregivers qualify if they meet the requirements of the regulation, regardless of whether they work outside of the home.

The court held that the language of the regulations requires only that:

• The adult child must live with the parent for two years prior to the parent moving into a nursing facility.
• The child provided special care that allowed the parent to live at home when the parent would otherwise need to move out of their own home and into a nursing care facility.
• The care provided by the adult child was more than personal support activities and was essential for the health and safety of the parent.

In the past, qualifying to transfer a home to an adult caregiver child was met by a huge obstacle: the caregiver was required to either provide all care to the parents or pay for any care from their own pockets. This argument has now been firmly rejected in the decision A.M. v. Monmouth County Board of Social Services.

The court held that there was nothing in the regulation requiring the child to be the only provider of care, and the question of who paid for additional care was completely irrelevant legally.

It is now clear that as long as the child personally provides essential care without which the parent would need to live in a nursing facility, then the fact that additional caregivers may be needed does not preclude the ability to transfer the home to the adult child.

The decision is a huge shift, and one that elder law estate planning attorneys have fought over for years, as there have been increasingly stricter interpretations of the rule by New Jersey Medicaid.

While Medicaid is a federal program, each state has the legal right to set its own eligibility requirements. This New Jersey Appellate Court decision is expected to have an influence over other states’ decisions in similar circumstances. Since every state is different, adult children should speak with an elder law estate planning attorney about how the law of their parent’s state of residence would apply if they were facing this situation.

Reference: The National Law Review (March 22, 2021) “Major Victory for Adults Who Provide Home Care for Parents”

For more information on elder law and estate planning, please visit my estate planning website.

Should Inherited Money Be Equally Split Between Family Members / White Plains, NY & Greenwich, CT

“When you’re planning to divide your estate unequally, explain the reasons to your heirs, and remember: They might be hurt anyway.”

Leaving an equal amount to adult children works for many families, but equal is not always equitable. In those cases, leaving different amounts to heirs can lead to irreparable breaks within the family. A recent article titled “The Unequal Inheritance: It Can Work, or It Can ‘Destroy Relationships’” from The New York Times examines the problem and some of the solutions. There are times, however, when even the fairest of decisions doesn’t heal the “Mom always liked you best” hurt, imagined or otherwise.

Unequal inheritances can trigger sibling fighting after a parent dies, some of which end up in court, especially if one child thinks that a parent was being overly influenced by the sibling who ended up with the bigger inheritance.

Parents need to explain their decision to each child, individually and as a group, or even seek mediation. Many estate planning attorneys encourage a family meeting, where everyone is in a neutral location, to discuss the parent’s wishes and estate plan. In some cases, the children understand when one of the siblings is disabled or has a lower earning potential.

Another reason for unequal inheritances is to balance things out when one child received significant support that others did not need. Equalization of gifts can be documented in an estate plan, as heirs may need to be reminded of the parent’s generosity at an earlier date. If this isn’t addressed, the siblings who received less help during the parent’s lifetime may resent their decision to give equally.

What about the caregiver child? Some parents decide to give extra to the adult child who became their primary caregiver. That usually takes the shape of the family home, a larger cash distribution or life insurance proceeds. However, siblings don’t always agree on how this is handled. Some will see the child’s decision to care for their parents as manipulative.

Blended families with stepchildren can run into complications. The growth in stepfamilies is a big part of why Americans 50 and older left their children unequal bequests, which more than doubled from 16 percent in 1995 to 35 percent in 2010, as reported in a study from the National Bureau of Economic Research.

At the same time, the study also found that the longer the relationship, the more likely the parent would leave stepchildren inheritances equal to that of a biological or adopted child.

Even when parents intend to split the estate equally, failing to plan for taxes can leave children with different inheritances. This happens when parents leave different types of assets to different heirs.

If a parent left a $500,000 IRA to one child and a $500,000 taxable brokerage account to another, the child who received the IRA will pay federal income taxes up to 37 percent on every withdrawal, which now must be done within ten years of the death of the parent. The child with the brokerage account would have to pay a long-term capital gains tax of up to 20 percent when an appreciated asset is sold.

Generally speaking IRA and other tax deferred accounts should have all children as equal beneficiaries. These accounts are usually outside of the probate estate. A house may be left in a trust or the will, with directions for the house to be sold and all assets divided equally.

There is no way around it—inheritances are seen as a proxy for love and any unequal distribution will be felt as such, even by the most rational of people. Speak with your estate planning attorney to learn how to avoid these scenarios and consider holding a family meeting to make sure your intentions and the reasons behind your intentions are made clear to all concerned.

Reference: The New York Times (Feb. 19, 2021) “The Unequal Inheritance: It Can Work, or It Can ‘Destroy Relationships’”

For more information on asset preservation and estate planning, please visit my estate planning website.

Elder Financial Abuse Risk Increasing for Seniors Isolated by Pandemic / New York, NY & White Plains, NY

“Each year, senior citizens lose billions of dollars to financial fraud, with the loss to individual victims averaging tens of thousands of dollars.”

The extended isolation and loneliness during the coronavirus pandemic is creating the perfect storm for financial exploitation of seniors, who are unable to visit with family members and friends, reports Fredericksburg Today in the article “SCC urges awareness of investment fraud among seniors due to increased pandemic isolation.” The unprecedented need to forgo socializing makes seniors who are already at risk, even more vulnerable.

In the past, scammers would deliberately strike during a health crisis or after the death of a loved one. By gathering data from obituaries and social media, even establishing relationships with support and social groups, scammers can work their way into seniors’ lives.

Social distancing and the isolation necessary to protect against the spread of the coronavirus has left many seniors vulnerable to people posing as their new friends. The perpetrators may not just be strangers: family members are often the ones who exploit the elderly. The pandemic has also led to changes in procedures in care facilities, which can lead to increased confusion and dependence for the elderly, who do not always do well with changes.

Here are a few key markers for senior financial abuse:

• A new friend or caregiver who is overly protective and has gotten the person to surrender control of various aspects of their life, including but not limited to finances.
• Fear or a sudden change in how they feel towards family members and/or friends.
• A reluctance to discuss financial matters, especially if they say the new friend told them not to talk about their money with others.
• Sudden changes in spending habits, or unexplained changes to wills, new trustees, or changes to beneficiary designations.
• Large checks made out to cash, or the disappearance of assets.
• Signatures on checks or estate planning documents that appear different than past signatures.

Not being able to visit in person makes it harder for family members to discern what is happening.  However, there are a few steps that can be taken by concerned family members. Stay in touch with the family member, by phone, video calls, texts or any means possible. Remind loved ones that scammers are always looking for an opportunity and may try to exploit them during the pandemic.

Every community has resources that can help if elder financial abuse is a concern. An elder law and estate planning attorney will be able to direct concerned family members or friends to local resources to protect their loved ones.

Reference: Fredericksburg Today (June 20, 2020) “SCC urges awareness of investment fraud among seniors due to increased pandemic isolation”

For more information on elder law and estate planning, please visit my estate planning website.

Protect Your Pets After You’re Gone / White Plains, NY & Greenwich, CT

“To ensure animals’ well-being, you should pick a caregiver and set up paperwork, funding.”

Currently, 67% of American households own at least one pet, and many people now consider long-term planning for them just as important as they would for two-legged family members, says The Atlanta Journal Constitution in the article “When you’re gone, what happens to your pets?”

If you think about it, our animal companions are completely vulnerable. They can’t take care of themselves. If something happens to their owners, it is possible that they could be taken to a shelter and euthanized. If you don’t want to be kept up at night worrying about this, a pet trust should be part of your conversation with an estate planning attorney.

Pets are viewed as valued members of the family in many homes. They provide companionship, and there have been studies showing that their presence helps to reduce stress. They often sleep in the same bed as their owners and go on vacations with their human family.

A 2018 Realtor.com survey found that 79% of millennials who purchased a home, said that they would pass on a home, no matter how perfect, if it did not meet the needs of their pets.

How can you protect your pets?

Understand that pets are considered property and have no legal rights. It’s entirely up to their owners to plan for their care. Some questions to consider:

• What’s the difference between a pet trust and a will?
• Do pet trust laws vary by state?
• Is a trust independent from a will?
• What happens to any funds left over, when the pet dies?
• Can you tap 401(k) or other retirement funds to care for a pet?

To begin, look at the life expectancy of each pet and factor the average vet bill, food bill and any additional money in case of an emergency. The ASPCA says that the annual cost to care for a dog is between $737 to $1,404. Caring for a cat averages about $800. Of course, caring for cats or dogs depends upon the age, breed, weight and whether the animal has any medical needs. Some pets can live a very long time, like horses, and certain birds can live more than seventy years.

Next, identify caregivers who will commit to caring for your pets. You should then talk with your estate planning attorney. If you rely on an informal plan, your pet may be out of luck, if something happens to the caregivers, or if they have a change of heart.

A pet trust allows you to leave money to a loved one or friend to care for the pet in a trust that is legally binding. That means the money must be used for the pet’s care. It can be very specific, including how often the pet should go to the vet and what its standard of living should be. The executor or lawyer could go to court to enforce the contract.

Typically, the trustee holds property “in trust” for the benefit of the pet. Payments to a designated caregiver are made on a regular basis. The trust, depending upon the state in which it is established, continues for the life of the pet or 21 years, whichever comes first. Some states allow the pet trusts to continue beyond 21 years.

Speak with your estate planning attorney about protecting your pet. You’ll feel better knowing that you’ve put a plan into place for your beloved furry friends.

Reference: The Atlanta Journal Constitution (September 24, 2019) “When you’re gone, what happens to your pets?”

For more information on asset preservation and estate planning, please visit my estate planning website.

When are You Done with Estate Planning? / White Plains, NY & New York, NY

“As we approach our 70s, we feel like we have everything covered. We don’t have long-term care insurance, but with the income we have off the farm and with our savings, we feel pretty comfortable. Is0’ everything we have enough?”

A family has set up their estate plan. Two sons are already in the farming business and are thriving. Their daughter will receive the proceeds from a second-to-die life insurance policy and their considerable savings. The amounts are not equal in amount, but they are an equitable inheritance, and it seems like the couple has done its homework.

However, asks an article in The Courier, “The will is done, you’re sitting pretty—but are you?”

Estate planning is a lot like putting together a jigsaw puzzle. Like farming, it gets put together over time, piece by piece. Each piece represents something that needs to be done. For instance, a key part of the puzzle is having a last will and testament. That functions like building the outside frame of the puzzle, for those who start their puzzles by building the perimeter first. It frames the rest of your estate plan.

Other pieces are included within the will, like naming a personal representative or executor. This is the person who is in charge of distributing your assets and making sure that the directions in your will are followed, when you pass away.

Do you have a plan for what happens when you die? For instance, if a husband dies, is there a plan for the wife to maintain the farm, or will she sell machinery and other transitory assets?

For the couple mentioned above who has the will, a transition spelled out in the will and a second-to-die policy in place to supplement the daughter’s inheritance, congratulations: they have many pieces of the puzzle in place. However, that’s not everything.

The other parts of the puzzle have to do with issues while the couple is still living. What happens if one or both are injured, or become ill? Who should take over the farming in the short or long term? Who will care for the spouse or spouses? Will they depend on each other for caretaking, or their daughter?

The number one worry for seniors is whether they have enough money to last until they die. However, by taking a portion of their savings and investing in a long-term care insurance policy, they can rest assured that they or their spouse will get the care they need—in a nursing home or at home—without burning through the family’s savings.

This piece of the estate planning puzzle—preparing for illness or disability—is often missing, and it can turn the rest of the estate plan into a pile of unattached pieces.

Speak with an estate planning attorney today to make sure your estate plan does not have any missing pieces. If you have not reviewed your estate plan in the last three or four years, schedule a review. Changes in the law and changes in your own life may make your old estate plan out of date and may no longer achieve the goals you had in mind.

Reference: The Courier (Sep. 4, 2019) “The will is done, you’re sitting pretty—but are you?”

For more information on elder law, retirement planning and estate planning, please visit my estate planning website.

Why Wills Need to be Updated /Greenwich, CT & New York, NY

“Your will may be the most important document you’ll ever write. The problem is, after many of us draft one, we put it somewhere for safekeeping and don’t look at it again. That can be a big mistake.”

Lives change, and laws change. People come and go in our lives, through birth, death, marriage and divorce. Change is a constant factor in everyone’s lives. If your estate plan doesn’t keep up to date, says Next Avenue in the article “8 Reasons You May Need to Update Your Will,” you could create real problems for those you love. Here are eight reasons why people need to review their wills to ensure that your estate plan reflects your current life.

Moving to a new home. If you’ve moved to a new state since the last time your will was written, your will needs a review. Remember, wills are administered under the laws of the state where you live, so the new state’s laws apply. An out-of-state will could present issues. If the number of witnesses required to make a will valid in your old state of residence was one, but the new state requires two witnesses, your will could be deemed invalid.

Selling one home and buying another. If your will does not reflect your current address, it’s going to be very difficult for your executor to properly transfer ownership or manage the sale of the house. Most wills incorporate specific language about homes that includes the address.

You’ve done a good job of downsizing. Kudos to you for cleaning out and getting rid of unwanted items. If you no longer own things that are itemized in a will, they’ll be skipped over. However, do you want to give heirs something else? Without specific instructions, they won’t know who gets what.

Did you already give away possessions? Avoid family conflicts by being clear about who gets what. If you already gave your oldest daughter an antique dining room set but your will says it goes to the youngest son, things could become awkward. Similarly, if you gave one child something with a higher market or sentimental value than what you gave to another, it could create tension in the family. Updating your will is an opportunity to adjust these gifts.

Charity relationships change. The same organization that mattered greatly to you ten years ago may not have as much meaning—or may have changed its focus. Update your will to reflect the charitable contributions that matter to you now.

Finances change. If a will spells out exact amounts and the money is gone, or if your accounts have increased, those numbers may no longer be accurate or reflect your wishes. The dollar amounts may create a challenge for your executor. What if you designated a gift of stock to someone that wasn’t worth much at the time, but is worth a small fortune now? Amending a will can ensure that your gifts are of the value that you want them to be.

One child is now your primary caregiver. If one child has dedicated the last five years to taking care of you, you may want to update the document to show your gratitude and compensate them for lost earnings or expenses. If you do, explain your reasons for this kind of change to other children, so that there’s no misunderstanding when the will is read.

A beneficiary has passed away. If you are a surviving spouse, that alone may not be reason to update your will, if—and this is a big if—your will included alternate recipients as a plan for this situation. If there were no alternate recipients, then you will need to revise your will after the death of a spouse. If you listed leaving items to a beneficiary who has died, instructions on how to distribute these items or assets to someone else can be done with an amended will.

Your estate planning attorney will be able to review your will and your estate plan with you to determine what items need to be updated. Your documents may need only a tune-up, and not a complete overhaul, but it is advisable to review estate plans every three or four years.

Reference: Next Avenue (August 22, 2019) “8 Reasons You May Need to Update Your Will”

For more information on asset preservation and estate planning, please visit my estate planning website.

The Difference Between Home Health and Home Care / Greenwich, CT & White Plains, NY

“The fact many people need both types of services, home care and home health, contributes to the confusion.”

Many people use the terms “home care” and “home health” interchangeably, which can cause confusion when you try to find funding for these services. This article will try to help you understand the difference between home health and home care.

Home Care

Home care goes by a variety of names, including “aging in place,” “caregiving,” “in-home assistance,” “personal care” and “companion care.” None of these services include medical treatments. The people who provide these services are home care aides or caregivers. Because the services are non-medical, the worker category is “non-clinical” or “unskilled.”

Home care can include such things as preparing meals, assisting the older adult when eating, reminding him to take his medication and helping him to bathe, groom and dress. Depending on the needs of the person receiving the care, the tasks can include house cleaning, transportation and help with paying bills. The services usually get tailored to the individual client.

The total package of home care can involve multiple parties. For example, the older adult might have a home care aide who comes to the house for two or three hours every morning. The aide might help the client get ready for the day, with taking a bath, getting dressed and performing the morning grooming tasks. The aide might get the client’s breakfast ready, remind him to take his pills and make a sandwich for his lunch. Another person might come in once a week to clean the house, do laundry and batch cook some meals.

The client might use a grocery or meal delivery service. He could have a money manager make sure that his bills get paid.

Medicaid can pay for some of these services, if the senior qualifies for Medicaid. Some long-term care insurance policies can help with some of the cost. The remainder of the expenses are private pay.

Home Health Care

Skilled medical professionals provide home health care. These services usually take place after the doctor discharges the patient from the hospital, but she still needs some medical treatment, like physical therapy or care for a surgical incision. Depending on the treatment plan the doctor prescribes, the client might also receive health status monitoring, medical tests and the administration of drugs, including injections.

The medical professionals who provide home health care services include physical therapists, registered nurses, occupational therapists and other skilled healthcare workers. Sometimes the services last for a matter of weeks, until the doctor releases the patient. However, for some individuals with chronic conditions, the patient might need ongoing in-home medical treatments. The services might include teaching the patient skills to regain and maintain better health and function independently.

When a doctor prescribes home health care, Medicare will sometimes pay the expense of the services. If the client meets the low-income and other qualifications, Medicaid can bear the cost.

Overlap of Home Care and Home Health

When an older adult needs medical treatment in the home, he often also needs help with personal services. If a family member is unavailable to assist him, he might need to obtain the care from an agency. The fact many people need both types of services, home care and home health, contributes to the confusion.

Reference: A Place for Mom. “Home Health vs Home Care.” (accessed August 7, 2019) https://www.aplaceformom.com/planning-and-advice/articles/home-health-vs-home-care

For more information on elder law and estate planning, please visit my estate planning website.

How Do You Fill Void when Caregiver Role Ends? / Greenwich, CT & White Plains, NY

What happens to the caregiver when your loved one is gone?

Providing care for another adult can be difficult, because the caregiver often puts their life on hold.  They may find themselves facing a new challenge later, according to the AARP Bulletin in “What Happens When Caregiving Ends?”

The article concerns a 65-year old woman who devoted two years of full-time caretaking for her mother. When her mother died, she was left with the process of grieving and a big void in her life.

When their duties as caregivers end, it takes a while to adjust. Some say it takes from six months to a year to start feeling like themselves again. Here are some lessons learned from caregivers:

Stay busy and don’t let yourself become isolated. If you loved to travel before becoming a caregiver, return to that passion. You can travel with friends, or colleagues—best to go with friends. Others find comfort in passions like writing, which can be soothing after years of coping with constant emergencies.

Expect unexpected emotions. Caregiving is an emotional process as well as a mental and physical one. A range of emotions, from sadness and grief to anger and frustration, often emerge when your daily existence includes free time. There’s also a lot of guilt, which is very normal. Years, months or weeks of not sleeping, giving up your own interests and enjoyment in life, can lead to frustration. Then, when the person dies, you feel terribly guilty about the relief you may feel.

Don’t expect the strong and often conflicting feelings to go away overnight. It often takes years for people to work through all of the emotions surrounding the loss of a loved one. That is especially true, if they were the primary caregiver. We tend to think in terms of one-year anniversaries, but for many people the first year is wrapped up on settling estates, distributing possessions and dealing with the business end of someone’s life. In the second year, when those tasks are done, or less time-consuming, the emotions can start flooding in. You might expect yourself to be “over it,” but you can’t force yourself to recover. It takes a very long time.

Delay any big decisions. If you’ve been putting off big decisions until after caregiving ends, give yourself permission to continue to delay them. You’re still in a fragile state and need to move slowly. Selling a house, getting a divorce or remarrying is best done when you are healed. Patience is not easy, especially when you want to make a fresh start, or move away from a home with painful memories. However, going slowly will provide you with time to heal, and to gain perspective that will allow for better decisions.

Give yourself permission to move on. When the time is right, you’ll be ready to move on. 

Reference: AARP Bulletin (November 2018) “What Happens When Caregiving Ends”

For more information on elder law and estate planning, please visit my estate planning website.

Preparing to Care for Your Parents Can Be Difficult / White Plains, NY & Greenwich, CT

You may have to take care of your parents in later life and it’s best to prepare one step at a time.

Life starts out with your parents taking care of you but often that scenario changes and you end up caring for your parents. Sometimes preparing for that situation is easy but not always, according to Connecticut Magazine in “Senior Caregiving 101.”

The very idea of being in charge of the people who taught you how to tie your shoes and drive a car can be emotional and many people put off having the talk about caregiving, until an emergency presents itself. That’s not a good plan. Those of us in our 40s, 50s, and 60s will, at some point, need to be involved in taking care of a parent, including their finances, living arrangements, legal issues and medical care.

Where to start? Take it one step at a time.

Begin with a conversation about these issues, long before anyone is sick. Getting started in a crisis leads to increased anxiety and sometimes outright panic.

If you are worried that your parents or siblings will think you are after their money, think again. How you approach these topics will make the difference. Once a caregiving plan, legal and financial matters are addressed, you’ll all feel more comfortable. Start with a simple thought: “I/We want to make sure that your wishes are respected.”

Is there a lot of paperwork? Yes and no. By preparing in advance, you avoid going through a scavenger hunt for insurance policies, bills and wills. You’ll know where the documents are and will be free to focus on the important things, such as taking care of and spending time with your aging parents.

You’ll need to have a Power of Attorney prepared. A Durable Power of Attorney means that the Power of Attorney will remain in effect, so the appointed agent may continue acting even if the principal becomes mentally incapacitated. Power of Attorney can be limited or broad. However, it’s a good idea to build in periodic reports as a system of checks and balances.

You’ll also need an advance directive in the form of a health care proxy. This is a document that protects an individual’s right to refuse medical treatment or to request treatment, if they are not able to make decisions on their own. Depending on the person’s needs, they may need a health care agent, designation of a guardian and an anatomical gift declaration. This is needed if they want to make an “anatomical gift,” which is also known as an organ donation.

It is a good idea to meet with an estate planning attorney to deal with specific circumstances, including the creation of a will and the naming of an executor.

Reference: Connecticut Magazine (Nov. 23, 2018) “Senior Caregiving 101”

For more information on elder law and estate planning, please visit my estate planning website.

A Cost Is Involved, If You Become a Caregiver for Elderly / White Plains, NY & Greenwich, CT

It can be expensive for you and you might want to talk to other family members about the finances.

The primary caregiver for an elderly family member needs to go into the position knowing it will be costly to them as well, according to The Motley Fool in “The High Cost of being an Elderly Relative’s Caregiver.” It would also be wise to be prepared to have a discussions about finances with other family members.

Caregivers spend about $7,000 a year out of their own money on caregiving. Paying for rent, utilities, food, clothing or medical expenses all adds up. If you don’t live nearby, the cost of travelling creates additional costs.

Caring for someone with dementia? Double that amount.

Being able to access the financial resources of the person you are caring for is fraught with problems. First, are you able to do that? Second, will there be any accusations of elder financial abuse? If there are siblings who are not involved with the care, will they question those expenses?

Most of the time, there’s one person in the family who takes control. If the loved ones have not done any planning, they need to designate who is going to be the Health Care Proxy and who is going to manage the estate, when they’re gone. Ideally one person should be running things.  However, the financial burden should never fall on any one person. Find ways in which everyone can pitch in.

You’ll need to know about any benefits the person is receiving. If they are a veteran, what will they be eligible for through Veteran Aid and Attendance benefits? Most people don’t know about those benefits, but they may be available.

If the person you are caring for still has capacity to do so, make sure to have the caregiver designated as a Health Care Proxy. Contact the banks, utilities, and other entities where bills are being paid to ensure that they understand a family member has been given authorization to deal with their accounts. Sometimes a phone call will do, but sometimes documents need to be prepared.

Find the different sources of income to make sure you are maximizing what the person has before the family starts pitching in. What if they have a long-term care insurance policy but the kids don’t know about it? Get all the information before you start spending.

An estate planning attorney can advise you on what to expect and what you have in the way of options, should you take the position of caregiver.

Reference: The Motley Fool (Sep. 13, 2018) “The High Cost of being an Elderly Relative’s Caregiver”

For more information on elder law and estate planning, please visit my estate planning website.